关于SQL Server 数据库归档的一些思考和改进-技术教程-四时宝库

一.需求背景

SQL Server开源的归档工具不多，DBA一般都是通过计划任务来触发执行，执行的脚本多是SP或者是SSIS包。SSIS包的性能稍好一些，但是维护更新成本高些。所以更常见的是通过SP脚本来实现归档操作。

当数据库规模较小时，可以方便的直接在数据库上进行脚本的编写部署。但是随着数据库越来越多，管理维护成本就会越来越大，越来越不方便。现在我们实行的方式是通过中央管理器来管理众多的数据库备份（这是在拥有专门的备份程序前的一个过渡方案）。我们将归档基础配置信息、归档运行历史记录、异常报错等数据统一维护在中央数据库上。如此,可以方便统一的查看、管理和维护。

二.主要架构

三.主要关联表

2.1 归档基础配置表

表字段含义，请耐心查看字段说明。

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBData_ArchiveConfig](
 [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
 [IP] [varchar](50) NULL,
 [DBName] [varchar](50) NULL,
 [DataTable] [varchar](50) NULL,
 [TargetIP] [varchar](50) NULL,
 [TargetDB] [varchar](50) NULL,
 [TargetTable] [varchar](50) NULL,
 [Prerequisite] [varchar](300) NULL,
 [DelMaxQTY] [int] NULL,
 [IsCheckOrderID] [int] NULL,
 [SP_Name] [int] NULL,
 [StartTime] [datetime] NULL,
 [EndTime] [datetime] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Server IP(数据位于中央管理器中，所以归档数据库库所在的IP要维护，可维修虚拟的IP)' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'IP'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'要归档的数据库' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DBName'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'要归档的表' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DataTable'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'备份指向的IP' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TargetIP'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'备份指向的数据库' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TargetDB'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'备份指向的表' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TargetTable'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'归档条件' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Prerequisite'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'循环中一次归档删除的数据量' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DelMaxQTY'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'此为 备用字段，考虑可能有些表，会和其他表关联' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'IsCheckOrderID'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'为提高并发度，一个DB对应的归档SP可能是多个，通过此列，进行分组。' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'SP_Name'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'此为拓展字段，原计划根据 开始时间、结束时间，每天可以多个时间段内执行' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'StartTime'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'此为拓展字段，原计划根据 开始时间、结束时间，每天可以多个时间段内执行' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'EndTime'
GO

2.2 归档运行的Log表

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBData_ArchiveLog](
 [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
 [IP] [varchar](30) NULL,
 [DBName] [varchar](30) NULL,
 [DataTable] [varchar](80) NULL,
 [BakQTY] [varchar](30) NULL,
 [BakStartDate] [datetime] NULL,
 [BakEndDate] [datetime] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

2.3 异常错误信息表

执行的过程中会外包一层 try...catch,将操作过程中的错误信息保存在表 DBData_ArchiveErrLog。表结构如下：

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBData_ArchiveErrLog](
 [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
 [IP] [varchar](30) NULL,
 [DBName] [varchar](60) NULL,
 [DataTable] [varchar](80) NULL,
 [TargetIP] [varchar](30) NULL,
 [TargetDB] [varchar](60) NULL,
 [TargetTable] [varchar](80) NULL,
 [Errormsg] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
 [TransDateTime] [varchar](30) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]
GO

四. 存储过程相应的主要代码

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author: <Author,,Name>
-- Create date: <Create Date,,>
-- Description: <Description,,>
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SP_XXXXX_DataArchive]
AS
 SET NOCOUNT ON;
 DECLARE @sql1 VARCHAR(MAX) 
 DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(MAX) 
 DECLARE @sql2 VARCHAR(MAX)
 DECLARE @IP VARCHAR(MAX) 
 DECLARE @DBName VARCHAR(MAX) 
 DECLARE @DataTable VARCHAR(MAX) 
 DECLARE @TargetIP VARCHAR(MAX) 
 DECLARE @TargetDB VARCHAR(MAX) 
 DECLARE @TargetTable VARCHAR(MAX) 
 DECLARE @Prerequisite VARCHAR(MAX) 
 DECLARE @DelMaxQTY INT
 DECLARE @StartTime DATETIME
 DECLARE @EndTime DATETIME
 DECLARE @qty INT 
 DECLARE @ISCHECKORDERID INT 
----Carson 2018-12-17 备份数据的时间往往比删除的时间长3倍,因此,如果考虑将备份的操作转移到辅助库,将会对线上的操作影响降至更低
 DECLARE @BakDateIP VARCHAR(30) 
 set @BakDateIP='[XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX].'-------后面一定要有一个点
--------------------------------------------------归档操作---------------------------------
 DECLARE DBName CURSOR
 FOR
 SELECT IP ,
 DBName ,
 DataTable ,
 TargetIP ,
 TargetDB ,
 TargetTable ,
 Prerequisite ,
 DelMaxQTY ,
 ISCHECKORDERID ,
 StartTime ,
 EndTime
 FROM [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].[dbo].[DBData_ArchiveConfig]
 WHERE DataTable <> ''
 AND TargetTable <> ''
 AND DBNAME = 'XXXXXXXXX' and SP_Name='?????'
 OPEN DBName 
 FETCH NEXT FROM DBName INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetIP, @TargetDB,
 @TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY, @ISCHECKORDERID,
 @StartTime, @EndTime 
 WHILE ( @@fetch_status = 0 )
 BEGIN 
 DECLARE @datetime DATETIME
 IF @ISCHECKORDERID <> '1' AND @DataTable <> ''
 BEGIN
 SET @datetime = CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE() - 30, 120) 
 SET @sql = 'Insert into [' + @TargetIP + '].'
 + @TargetDB + '.' + 'dbo.' + @TargetTable + '
 select * FROM ' + @BakDateIP + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + ' 
 with(nolock) where ' + @Prerequisite + ''
 
 SET @sql1 = 'DECLARE @icount INTEGER 
 SELECT @icount = COUNT(1) 
 FROM ' + @BakDateIP + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + '
 where ' + @Prerequisite + ' 
 insert into [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].dbo.DBData_ArchiveLog (IP, DBName, DataTable, BakQTY, BakStartDate, BakEndDate)
 select ''' + @IP + ''',''' + @DBName + ''',''' + @DataTable
 + ''',@icount,getdate(),null
 WHILE @icount > 0 
 BEGIN 
 
 DELETE TOP (' + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ') 
 FROM ' + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + ' 
 where ' + @Prerequisite + '
 
 SET @icount = @icount -('
 + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ') 
 WAITFOR DELAY ''00:00:01'' 
 END ' 
 BEGIN TRY
 EXEC (@sql)
 EXEC (@sql1) 
 END TRY
 BEGIN CATCH
 DECLARE @Errmsg AS nvarchar(MAX)
 SELECT @Errmsg=ERROR_MESSAGE()
 ------0001 BEGIN SAVE ERR LOG IN TABLE
 INSERT INTO [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].[dbo].DBData_ArchiveErrLog ([IP] ,[DBName],[DataTable],[TargetIP],[TargetDB],[TargetTable],[Errormsg] ,[TransDateTime])
 VALUES(@IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetIP, @TargetDB, @TargetTable,@Errmsg,convert(VARCHAR(25),GETDATE(), 120)) 
 ------0001 END
 -------------0002 BEGIN SEND EMAIL MESSAGE---------------- 
 DECLARE @Subject AS nvarchar(200)
 DECLARE @Body AS nvarchar(MAX)
 DECLARE @SPName AS nvarchar(MAX)
 
 SET @Subject = '数据库归档异常 -重要!;ServerIP:' + @IP + ' DB:' + @DBName
 SET @SPName = ''
 SET @Body = '<html><body>Dear All,<br> <br> ServerIP:' +@IP + ' ; DataBase:' + @DBName+ '上的Table归档异常,请及时检查!!!
 <br> You can get detail information from the table. <br><br><table border=1 bgcolor=#aaff11>' 
 SET @Body = @Body+ '<tr bgcolor=#ff3311><td>ServerIP</td><td>DBName</td><td>TableName</td><td>TargetIP</td><td>TargetDB</td><td>Errmsg</td><td>TransDateTime</td></tr>'
 SELECT @SPName = @SPName + '<tr bgcolor=#ffaa11><td>'+ CAST(@IP AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>' + CAST(@DBName AS NVARCHAR(50)) + '</td><td>'+CAST(@DataTable AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td>
 <td>'+ CAST(@TargetIP AS NVARCHAR(20))+ '</td><td>'+ CAST(@TargetDB AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+ SUBSTRING(@Errmsg,1, 100)+ '</td><td>'+ CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 21)+ '</td></tr>'
 SET @Body = @Body + @SPName + '</table>'
 SET @BODY=REPLACE(@BODY,'''','')
 IF REPLACE(@BODY,' ','')<>''
 BEGIN
 DECLARE @AllEmailToAddress varchar(3000)=''
 DECLARE @AllEmailCcAddress varchar(3000)=''
 DECLARE @Allprofile_name varchar(100)=''
 SELECT @AllEmailToAddress=''
 SELECT @AllEmailCcAddress=''
 SELECT TOP 1 @Allprofile_name=NAME FROM msdb.dbo.sysmail_profile 
 ORDER BY profile_id
 EXEC msdb..sp_send_dbmail @profile_name = @Allprofile_name -- profile 名称 
 ,@recipients = @AllEmailToAddress -- 收件人邮箱 
 ,@copy_recipients=@AllEmailCcAddress
 ,@subject = @Subject -- 邮件标题 
 ,@body = @BODY -- 邮件内容 
 ,@body_format = 'HTML' -- 邮件格式 
 ,@file_attachments=''
 ,@Importance = 'High'
 END 
 ------------- 0002 end ------------ 
 END CATCH 
 END
 FETCH NEXT FROM DBName INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetIP,
 @TargetDB, @TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY,
 @ISCHECKORDERID, @StartTime, @EndTime 
 END
 
 CLOSE DBName 
 DEALLOCATE DBName
 DECLARE DELETETABLE CURSOR
 FOR
 SELECT IP ,
 DBName ,
 DataTable ,
 TargetTable ,
 Prerequisite ,
 DelMaxQTY 
 FROM [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].[dbo].[DBData_ArchiveConfig]
 WHERE DataTable <> ''
 AND TargetTable = ''
 AND DBNAME = 'XXXXXXXXX' and SP_Name='????'
 OPEN DELETETABLE 
 FETCH NEXT FROM DELETETABLE INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable,
 @TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY
 WHILE ( @@fetch_status = 0 )
 BEGIN
 SET @sql1 = 'DECLARE @icount INTEGER 
 SELECT @icount = COUNT(1) 
 FROM ' + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + '
 where ' + @Prerequisite + ' 
 WHILE @icount > 0 
 BEGIN 
 
 DELETE TOP (' + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ') 
 FROM ' + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + ' 
 where ' + @Prerequisite + '
 
 SET @icount = @icount -('
 + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ') 
 WAITFOR DELAY ''00:00:01'' 
 END '
 PRINT @sql1
 EXEC (@sql1)
 FETCH NEXT FROM DELETETABLE INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable,@TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY
 END 
 CLOSE DELETETABLE 
 DEALLOCATE DELETETABLE
GO

五.补充数据

1.数据库归档，一般都是先将当前库的历史数据归档到历史库，再将当前库的历史数据删除。这两个阶段，一般是前者耗时较多（一般都在2:1以上），虽然可以在select 过程加上nolock，但是或者I/O或者网络等原因，其实这个阶段对应用程序的影响还是比较大的。所以，建议将这两个阶段物理分开，即如果有配置AlwaysOn，请将第一个阶段在辅助数据库中执行。上面的SP示例，就是通过参数 @BakDateIP 来实现了这一作用。

2.存储过程中包含了try...catch，所以运行此sp就会很少报错，某一个表的异常不会相互影响。例如，我们常见的当前库、历史库由于表结构变更而导致的不一致，此情况出现后，try..catch可以捕捉到异常，将异常记录在档，并将此信息以邮件的形式发送给指定人，但整个SP不会执行失败。并且还会跳过这一个异常，继续执行下一个备份归档表的归档。

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作者：东山絮柳仔

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliuzai/p/10168858.html

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